Definition of Verb
| Sentence | Main verb | Helping verb |
| He is going | going | Is |
| I am running | running | Am |
| They are playing football | playing | Are |
| You will qualify for the exam | qualify | Will |
| She has gone from here | gone | Has |
Forms of the verb:
There are especially five forms of the verb:
- V1: First (present) form of verb {go, eat, write, work}
- V2: Second (past) form of verb {went, ate, wrote, worked}
- V3: Third (past participle) of verb {gone, eaten, written, worked}
- V4: Fourth (ing) form of verb {going, eating, writing, working}
- V5: Fifth (singular) form of verb {goes, eats, writes, works}
| Meaning | V1 | V2 | V3 | V4 | V5 |
| Eat | eat | ate | eaten | eating | eats |
| Fall | fall | fell | fallen | falling | falls |
| Find | find | found | found | finding | finds |
| Fly | fly | flew | flown | flying | flies |
| Give | give | gave | given | giving | gives |
| Go | go | went | gone | going | goes |
| Grow | grow | grew | grown | growing | grows |
| Keep | keep | kept | kept | keeping | keeps |
| Know | know | knew | known | knowing | knows |
| Draw | draw | drew | drawn | drawing | draws |
Regular verbs- Irregular verbs
The process of converting the base form of a verb into its simple past (2nd form) and past participle (3rd form) involves two distinct categories.
Regular Verbs: These verbs shape their simple past and past participle by straightforwardly appending “-ed” to their base form.
Examples:
- Jump – jumped
- Call – called
- Dance – danced
- Laugh – laughed
Irregular Verbs: These verbs construct their simple past and past participle in diverse ways, deviating from the standard “-ed” pattern.
Examples:
- Swim – swum
- Sing – sang
- Eat – eaten
- Drive – drove
Regular verbs- Irregular verbs
Lexical Verbs: Verbs employed in a sentence as the main verb (V1, V2, V3, V4 [ing], V5 [singular]), with their meanings standing independently, are referred to as lexical verbs.
Examples:
- to go
- to drink
- to laugh
Auxiliary Verbs: Verbs utilized alongside main verbs to formulate questions, negatives, and tenses, as well as to express possibility and willingness, are known as auxiliary or helping verbs.
Primary Auxiliary Verbs: These include “to be” (is, am, are, was/were), “to have” (has, have, had), and “to do” (do, does, did).
Modal Auxiliary Verbs:
- Can, could (ability)
- May, might (possibility)
- Will, shall, would (intention)
- Should (necessity)
- Must (necessity with some compulsion)
- Ought to (should – moral duty)
| Person | Subject | Helping verbs of the present tense | Helping verbs of past tense |
| 1st person | I | am, have | Was, had |
| 2nd person | You | are/have | Were, had |
| 3rd person(singular) | he/she/it/ram | is/has | Was, had |
| 3rd person(plural) | we/they/boys | are/have | Were, had |
Sentence forming rules:
Rule – helping verbs- is/ am/ are/ was/ were/has/have/had/will/shall
| Type of sentence | Rule |
| Positive | Subject + helping verb + object . |
| Negative | Subject + helping verb + not + object. |
| Interrogative | Helping verb + subject + object ? |
| Interrogative negative | Helping verb + subject + not + object ? |
Examples:
- He enjoys playing the piano.
- They are not participating in the event.
- Is Spanish spoken in your country?
- Is Spanish not spoken in your country?
